Imishini yokupheka yangaphandle ehlangene iguquke kakhulu, futhiisitofu segesi sezivakashi esincaneimele ukuhlangana kokuphatheka, ukuphepha, nokusebenza kokupheka. Lesi sihloko sihlola ukuthi yini eyenza lesi sigaba sihluke—kusukela ekushiseni kanye nokusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli kuya ezintweni zokwakha nokuhambisana nomthetho—ukusiza abathanda abangaphandle, abathengisi, namaqembu okuthenga anqume ukuthi isitofu segesi esihlangene sihambisana nezidingo zabo ezithile.
▸Okuqukethwe— Chofoza noma yisiphi isihloko ukuze ugxume ngokuqondile
Imishini yokupheka yangaphandle ihlanganisa ububanzi obuningi—kusuka ezishidini ze-basecamp ezisindayo kuye kwezitofu eziphuthumayo ezilingana nephakethe. Iisitofu segesi sezivakashi esincaneithatha indawo emaphakathi ehlukile: encane ngokwanele ukuba ingaphathwa nge-daypack, kodwa inamandla ngokwanele ukulungisa ukudla kwangempela kunokubilisa amanzi nje.
Ngokungafani nezitofu eziphathwayo ezinosayizi ogcwele ezidinga amathini kaphethiloli ahlukene nendawo ephansi ezinzile, izitofu ezihlangene zabavakashi zenziwe ngefilosofi yedizayini ehlukile. Babeka phambili ukuthunyelwa okusheshayo, isisindo esincane, nokusebenza okungaguquguquki kuzo zonke izimo zangaphandle ezihlukile. Umphumela uba idivayisi elingana ephaketheni eliseceleni kodwa ilethe amandla okupheka emishini ngokuphindwe kathathu noma kane ubukhulu bayo.
Yakhelwe ukuhamba—izisekelo zebhodwe eligoqayo, ukuthungela okuhlanganisiwe, kanye nesigxivizo sonyawo esinyamalala emthwalweni noma ephaketheni lesikhwama esiseceleni.
Okukhipha ukushisa okungaguquki kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-altitude, izinga lokushisa elizungezile, noma izinga likaphethiloli, ngakho ukupheka kuhlala kubikezelwa ensimini.
Isici esichazayo sanoma isiphi isitofu esincane segesi sezivakashi unyawo lwaso olubonakalayo. Onjiniyela bafinyelela lokhu ngezinketho ezimbalwa zedizayini ezixhumene ezinciphisa ngokuhlanganyela inqwaba ngaphandle kokudela ubuqotho besakhiwo.
Njengoba zinesisindo esingamagremu angu-48.5 kumamodeli e-titanium, lezi zitofu zichaza kabusha ukuthi "i-lightweight" isho ukuthini ezintweni zokupheka zangaphandle. Ngisho nokwahluka kwensimbi engagqwali ne-aluminium akuvamile ukuba kweqe amagremu angu-200, okuwenza asebenze ekupakisheleni i-ultralight backpacking, ukuvakasha kwebhayisikili, kanye nezinsiza zokulungela izimo eziphuthumayo.
Kubathengi abahlola izitofu zokudayisa noma ukusatshalaliswa, ukucaciswa kwesisindo kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi kuqondiswe ngokuphambene ngokumelene nokukhishwa kwamandla kanye nezidingo zokuzinza. Isitofu esilula asingcono ngokuzenzakalelayo—kumele sisekele i-cookware esibhangqwe ngaso.
Naphezu kobukhulu bazo obuhlangene, izitofu zegesi zezivakashi ezincane zesimanje ziletha izibalo zamandla eziphikisana nezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezinkulu kakhulu. Iyunithi evamile ikhiqiza ama-watts angu-2 500 kuya kwangu-3 500, okuhunyushwa ezikhathini zokubilisa ngokushesha—ngokuvamile ngaphansi kwemizuzu emithathu ilitha elilodwa lamanzi.
Lokhu kusebenza kutholakala ngokusebenzisa i-geometry yokushisa elungiselelwe kahle kanye nokuxubana okunembayo kwe-fuel-air. Ilangabi ligxilile kunokuba lihlakazeke, okusho ukuthi ukushisa okuncane kuphuma ezinhlangothini ze-cookware. Amanye amadizayini ahlanganisa amakhoyili ashisayo ahwamulisa uphethiloli owuketshezi ngaphambi kokusha, okuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekile ngisho nasezimeni ezibandayo lapho i-butane idonsa kanzima khona ukukhipha umoya.
Ikhanda lokushisa liyinhliziyo yesistimu. Isishisi esiklanywe kahle sisebenzisa iphethini yelangabi eshonile noma ehlehlisiwe evikela indawo yokuthungela emivunguzweni enqamulayo ngenkathi iqondisa ukushisa phezulu esizindeni sebhodwe. Ukuphikiswa komoya akuyona into ecatshangelwayo - yakhelwe ku-geometry yekhanda elishisayo kusukela ekuqaleni.
Ukuhambisana kwamafutha kubaluleke ngokufanayo. Izitofu eziningi ezihlangene zisebenza ku-EN 417 amathini anentambo aqukethe i-isobutane, i-propane, noma inhlanganisela yakho kokubili. Isilinganiso senhlanganisela sithinta ukusebenza kwesimo sezulu esibandayo: izingxube ezicebile ze-propane zisebenza emazingeni okushisa aphansi, kuyilapho ama-isobutane abusayo anikeza okukhiphayo okungaguquki kakhulu ezimeni ezimaphakathi.
Imishini yegesi ephathekayo ingena ngaphansi kwezinhlaka eziqinile zokulawula, ikakhulukazi ezimakethe zaseYurophu naseGulf. Izinga le-EN 521 lilawula ukwakhiwa nezici zokusebenza kwezinto eziphathwayo ezishisa amagesi e-petroleum ayiketshezi ngomfutho womhwamuko ongaphakathi kwekhatriji yegesi noma isilinda.
Ukuhambisana ne-EN 521 kuhlanganisa izindawo ezimbalwa ezibalulekile:
Emaqenjini okuthenga athola impahla yokupheka yangaphandle, ukuqinisekisa ukuthobela i-EN 521 kufanele kube imfuneko eyisisekelo. Izinga liphinde licacise ukuthi izinto zikagesi zenzelwe ukusetshenziswa ngaphandle noma ezindaweni ezinomoya omuhle kuphela—umehluko obalulekile wokulebula nemibhalo yemiyalo yomsebenzisi.
Ukukhethwa kwezinto kuthinta ngokuqondile isisindo, ukuqina, nokumelana nokugqwala. Izigaba ezintathu zezinto eziyinhloko ziphethe ingxenye yesitofu segesi yabavakashi abancane:
| Okubalulekile | Isisindo Esijwayelekile | Izinzuzo | Ukucatshangelwa |
|---|---|---|---|
| I-Titanium | 48–80g | Isilinganiso samandla nesisindo esikhethekile, ukumelana nokugqwala | Izindleko zokukhiqiza eziphakeme, izinketho zombala ezinomkhawulo |
| Insimbi engagqwali | 120-200 g | Okuhlala isikhathi eside, ukumelana nokushisa, kuyabiza | Isinda kune-titanium, ingashintsha umbala ngokushisa |
| I-aluminium Alloy | 80-150g | I-lightweight, conductivity enhle ye-thermal | Iphuzu elincibilikayo eliphansi, lidinga ukunamathela okuvikelayo |
Izingxenye ze-Titanium—ikakhulukazi izisekelo zamabhodwe namakhanda okushisa—zivame ukwanda njengoba izindleko zokukhiqiza zehlile. Isendlalelo se-oxide yemvelo yensimbi sinikeza ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu ngaphandle kokwelashwa okwengeziwe, okubalulekile kumishini echayeke kumswakama kanye nokuhamba ngebhayisikili.
Ukuqonda izimo zokusetshenziswa ezifanele kusiza abathengi ukuthi bahlole ukuthi isitofu segesi esihlangene siyisinqumo esifanele yini kubabukeli babo noma izidingo zabo.
Isitofu esincane segesi sabavakashi asifaneleki ukupheka kweqembu, ukulungiswa kokudla okukhulu, noma izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukusebenza okuphumayo okuphezulu okuqhubekayo isikhathi eside. Kulezo zimo, isitofu se-basecamp esishisa izikhotha eziningi noma isistimu ye-liquid-fuel izofaneleka kakhulu.
JY Ngaphandleigxile ekwakhiweni nasekukhiqizweni kwemishini yokupheka yangaphandle ehlangene, enikeza abasabalalisi nemikhiqizo yokudayisa ezimakethe eziningi.
| Ipharamitha | Ibanga Elijwayelekile | Amanothi |
|---|---|---|
| Okukhipha Amandla | 2,500–3,500 W | Ukukhipha okuphezulu kunciphisa isikhathi sokubilisa |
| Isisindo | 48-200 g | Kuncike ezintweni kanye nomklamo |
| Isikhathi sokubila (1L) | 2.5–4 amaminithi | Iyahluka ngobude kanye nezinga lokushisa le-ambient |
| Uhlobo Lwamafutha | I-EN 417 i-canister enentambo | Izingxube ze-Isobutane/propane zivamile |
| Ukuthungela | I-Piezo noma imanuwali | I-Piezo iqeda isidingo sokukhanya kwangaphandle |
| Ubukhulu obupakishiwe | 50 × 80 mm (okujwayelekile) | Ilingana inkomishi evamile noma ibhodwe |
Isitofu esincane segesi sezivakashi siklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukuphatheka okuphezulu—ngokuvamile sinesisindo esingaphansi kwamagremu angu-200 futhi sigoqeka sibe yiphakheji elincane ngokwanele ukuba lingangena ephaketheni noma esikhwameni esincane. Izitofu ezivamile zokukhempa zibeka phambili ukuzinza nendawo yokupheka ngaphezu kwesisindo esincane.
Cha. Imishini yegesi ephathekayo esebenza ngegesi ye-petroleum ewuketshezi yenzelwe ukusetshenziswa ngaphandle noma izindawo ezinomoya omuhle kuphela. Ukunqwabelana kwe-carbon monoxide ezindaweni ezivalekile kuveza ingozi enkulu yokuphepha. Ngaso sonke isikhathi landela imiyalelo yomkhiqizi mayelana nokukhipha umoya.
Ezindaweni eziphakeme, umfutho womoya ophansi wehlisa ukutholakala komoyampilo, okungase kuthinte ukusebenza kahle komlilo. Kodwa-ke, inselele enkulu ekuphakameni izinga lokushisa: amazinga okushisa aphansi e-ambient anciphisa umfutho we-canister, ikakhulukazi nge-butane-rich rich blends. Ukusebenzisa i-propane-enriched canister noma isitofu esinamakhoyili okushisa kunciphisa le nkinga.
Iningi lezitofu zegesi ezihlangene zisebenzisa i-EN 417 amathini anentambo aqukethe i-isobutane, i-propane, noma inhlanganisela. Amanye amamodeli amukela ama-cartridge we-Lindal valve noma amasistimu athile obunikazi. Njalo qinisekisa ukuhambisana kukaphethiloli ngaphambi kokuthenga, ikakhulukazi uma isitofu sizosetshenziswa ezifundeni ezihlukahlukene lapho amazinga e-canister angase ahluke.
Ukunakekela okuvamile kuhlanganisa ukuhlola i-O-ring seal ekuxhumekeni kwe-cartridge ukuthi ayinamifantu noma igugile, ukuhlanza ikhanda lokushisa ukuze kuvinjwe izimbobo ezivalekile, nokugcina isitofu endaweni eyomile ukuze kugwenywe ukugqwala. Izisekelo zamabhodwe kufanele zihlolelwe ukugoba noma ukuba buthaka ngemva kokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside.
Kubathandi bangaphandle, abathengisi, kanye nochwepheshe bokuthenga abahlola imishini yokupheka ehlangene,isitofu segesi sezivakashi esincaneinikeza ibhalansi ephoqelelayo yokuphatheka, ukusebenza, nokuhambisana nokulawula. Ukukhetha imodeli efanelekile kudinga ukufanisa okukhiphayo kokushisa, isisindo, nokwakhiwa kwempahla nezidingo ezithile zohlelo oluhlosiwe.
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